Phrasal verbs are difficult because you can’t learn the meaning of each phrasal verb from the words alone - you’ll need to be familiar with them and have context. Also, many phrasal verbs are very similar (take up, take on, take in, take over, etc.) and a number of phrasal verbs have multiple meanings….ugh?!?!?! Moreover, phrasal verbs are more similar to vocabulary than to an English verb structure with rules and clues (there’s no “rule” for looking at a phrasal verb and knowing what type it is!). The best way is just to study each phrasal verb in context with lots of examples.